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medical infusion pump electronic assembly

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medical infusion pump electronic assembly

產品規格

Model No:	infusionpumppcbassembly

Country	CN
Payment Term	L/C

產品描述

Instrumentation medical devices infusion pump devices pcba assembly electronics contract
manufacturing services OEM CEM EMS experience company-China Shenzhen Topscom

 
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infusion pump infused fluids circulatory system Electronic OEM EMS CEM Contract Manufacturing PCb assembly service


An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication
or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system. It is generally used
intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions are
occasionally used.


 


Infusion pumps can administer fluids in
ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually
by nursing staff. For example, they can administer as little as 0.1 mL per hour
injections (too small for a drip), injections every minute, injections with
repeated boluses requested by the patient, up to maximum number per hour (e.g.
in patient-controlled analgesia), or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of
day.


 


Because they can also produce quite high
but controlled pressures, they can inject controlled amounts of fluids
subcutaneously (beneath the skin), or epidurally (just within the surface of
the central nervous system – a very popular local spinal anesthesia for
childbirth).


 


Types
of infusion:


The user interface of pumps usually
requests details on the type of infusion from the technician or nurse that sets
them up:


 


Continuous infusion usually consists of
small pulses of infusion, usually between 500 nanoliters and 10 milliliters,
depending on the pump's design, with the rate of these pulses depending on the
programmed infusion speed.


Intermittent infusion has a
"high" infusion rate, alternating with a low programmable infusion
rate to keep the cannula open. The timings are programmable. This mode is often
used to administer antibiotics, or other drugs that can irritate a blood
vessel.


Patient-controlled is infusion on-demand,
usually with a preprogrammed ceiling to avoid intoxication. The rate is
controlled by a pressure pad or button that can be activated by the patient. It
is the method of choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), in which
repeated small doses of opioid analgesics are delivered, with the device coded
to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory
depression is reached.


Total parenteral nutrition usually requires
an infusion curve similar to normal mealtimes.


Some pumps offer modes in which the amounts
can be scaled or controlled based on the time of day. This allows for circadian
cycles which may be required for certain types of medication.


 


Types of pmps:


 


There are two basic classes of pumps. Large
volume pumps can pump nutrient solutions large enough to feed a patient.
Small-volume pumps infuse hormones, such as insulin, or other medicines, such
as opiates.


 


Within these classes, some pumps are
designed to be portable, others are designed to be used in a hospital, and
there are special systems for charity and battlefield use.


 


Large-volume pumps usually use some form of
peristaltic pump. Classically, they use computer-controlled rollers compressing
a silicone-rubber tube through which the medicine flows. Another common form is
a set of fingers that press on the tube in sequence.


 


Small-volume pumps usually use a
computer-controlled motor turning a screw that pushes the plunger on a syringe.


 


The classic medical improvisation for an
infusion pump is to place a blood pressure cuff around a bag of fluid. The
battlefield equivalent is to place the bag under the patient. The pressure on
the bag sets the infusion pressure. The pressure can actually be read-out at
the cuff's indicator. The problem is that the flow varies dramatically with the
patient's blood pressure (or weight), and the needed pressure varies with the
administration route, potentially causing risk when attempted by an individual
not trained in this method.


 


Places that must provide the
least-expensive care often use pressurized infusion systems. One common system
has a purpose-designed plastic "pressure bottle" pressurized with a
large disposable plastic syringe. A combined flow restrictor, air filter and
drip chamber helps a nurse set the flow. The parts are reusable, mass-produced
sterile plastic, and can be produced by the same machines that make plastic
soft-drink bottles and caps. A pressure bottle, restrictor and chamber requires
more nursing attention than electronically controlled pumps. In the areas where
these are used, nurses are often volunteers, or very inexpensive.


 


The restrictor and high pressure helps
control the flow better than the improvised schemes because the high pressure
through the small restrictor orifice reduces the variation of flow caused by
patients' blood pressures.


 


An air filter is an essential safety device
in a pressure infusor, to keep air out of the patients' veins. Small bubbles
could cause harm in arteries, but in the veins they pass through the heart and
leave in the patients' lungs. The air filter is just a membrane that passes gas
but not fluid or pathogens. When a large air bubble reaches it, it bleeds off.


 


Some of the smallest infusion pumps use
osmotic power. Basically, a bag of salt solution absorbs water through a
membrane, swelling its volume. The bag presses medicine out. The rate is
precisely controlled by the salt concentrations and pump volume. Osmotic pumps
are usually recharged with a syringe.


 


Spring-powered clockwork infusion pumps
have been developed, and are sometimes still used in veterinary work and for
ambulatory small-volume pumps. They generally have one spring to power the
infusion, and another for the alarm bell when the infusion completes.


 


Battlefields often have a need to perfuse
large amounts of fluid quickly, with dramatically changing blood pressures and
patient condition. Specialized infusion pumps have been designed for this
purpose, although they have not been deployed.


 


Many infusion pumps are controlled by a
small embedded system. They are carefully designed so that no single cause of
failure can harm the patient. For example, most have batteries in case the
wall-socket power fails. Additional hazards are uncontrolled flow causing an
overdose, uncontrolled lack of flow, causing an underdose, reverse flow, which
can siphon blood from a patient, and air in the line, which can cause an air
embolism.


 

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